<doi_batch xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1" xmlns:jats="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/JATS1" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.crossref.org/schema/5.3.1 https://www.crossref.org/schemas/crossref5.3.1.xsd" version="5.3.1"><head><doi_batch_id>episciences.org_16405_20260518222045409</doi_batch_id><timestamp>20260518222045409</timestamp><depositor><depositor_name>episciences.org</depositor_name><email_address>raphael.tournoy+crossrefapi@ccsd.cnrs.fr</email_address></depositor><registrant>episciences.org</registrant></head><body><journal><journal_metadata language="en"><full_title>Open Plasma Science</full_title><issn media_type="electronic">3076-1468</issn><doi_data><doi>10.46298/journals/ops</doi><resource>http://ops.episciences.org</resource></doi_data></journal_metadata><journal_issue><publication_date media_type="online"><month>02</month><day>11</day><year>2026</year></publication_date><journal_volume><volume>ICPIG 2025</volume></journal_volume></journal_issue><journal_article publication_type="full_text" language="en"><titles><title>Modeling of evaporation of macroparticles of vacuum arcs by an electron beam</title></titles><contributors><person_name sequence="first" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Iryna</given_name><surname>Litovko</surname><affiliations><institution><institution_name>Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering</institution_name><institution_id type="ror">https://ror.org/04vx4mk32</institution_id></institution><institution><institution_name>Institute for Nuclear Research</institution_name><institution_id type="ror">https://ror.org/052kdcb58</institution_id></institution></affiliations><ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3668-0215</ORCID></person_name><person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Martin</given_name><surname>Rudolph</surname><affiliations><institution><institution_name>Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering</institution_name><institution_id type="ror">https://ror.org/04vx4mk32</institution_id></institution></affiliations><ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0854-6708</ORCID></person_name><person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author"><given_name>André</given_name><surname>Anders</surname><affiliations><institution><institution_name>Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering</institution_name><institution_id type="ror">https://ror.org/04vx4mk32</institution_id></institution><institution><institution_name>Felix Bloch Institute of Solid State Physics</institution_name></institution></affiliations><ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5313-6505</ORCID></person_name><person_name sequence="additional" contributor_role="author"><given_name>Alexey</given_name><surname>Goncharov</surname><affiliations><institution><institution_name>Institute of Physics NAS of Ukraine</institution_name></institution></affiliations><ORCID>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3890-8458</ORCID></person_name></contributors><jats:abstract><jats:p xml:lang="en">The evaporation of droplets in an arc plasma flow under the action of an electron beam injected into the arc plasma and the condition of direct heating of microdroplets by beam electrons are considered. Analytical modeling shows that droplets ≤1 μm in size can be completely evaporated over time scales typical for cathodic arc deposition systems. It is shown that small microdroplets evaporate more intensively. The lower limit working points in terms of plasma electron density, and the electron energy and density of the injected energetic electrons required for droplet evaporation are found.   </jats:p></jats:abstract><publication_date media_type="online"><month>02</month><day>11</day><year>2026</year></publication_date><acceptance_date media_type="online"><month>10</month><day>31</day><year>2025</year></acceptance_date><publisher_item><item_number item_number_type="article_number">16405</item_number></publisher_item><program xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/AccessIndicators.xsd" name="AccessIndicators"><free_to_read start_date="2026-02-11"/><license_ref applies_to="am" start_date="2026-02-11">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</license_ref><license_ref applies_to="vor" start_date="2026-02-11">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</license_ref><license_ref applies_to="tdm" start_date="2026-02-11">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0</license_ref></program><program xmlns="http://www.crossref.org/relations.xsd"><related_item><intra_work_relation identifier-type="doi" relationship-type="isSameAs">10.5281/zenodo.18588455</intra_work_relation></related_item><related_item><intra_work_relation identifier-type="uri" relationship-type="hasPreprint">https://zenodo.org/record/17423193</intra_work_relation></related_item><related_item><intra_work_relation identifier-type="uri" relationship-type="hasPreprint">https://zenodo.org/record/16909286</intra_work_relation></related_item></program><doi_data><doi>10.46298/ops.16405</doi><resource>http://ops.episciences.org/16405</resource><collection property="crawler-based"><item crawler="iParadigms"><resource>https://zenodo.org/api/records/18588455/files/OPS_article_16405.pdf/content</resource></item></collection><collection property="text-mining"><item><resource mime_type="application/pdf">https://zenodo.org/api/records/18588455/files/OPS_article_16405.pdf/content</resource></item></collection></doi_data></journal_article></journal></body></doi_batch>